Psychologie ferritine elevee

Jahrestagung der Sportwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft der Schweiz SGS Book of Abstracts Sportwissenschaft in Bewegung Bewegung in der Sportwissenschaft. Eine korrekte Einschätzung der Wirksamkeit von Interventionen hängt somit auch von der diesbezüglichen Compliance ab. In diesem Beitrag soll aufgezeigt werden, welche weitgreifenden Probleme für die Forschung im Bereich der Gesundheitsförderung mit unterschiedlichen Formen der Compliance verbunden sind und ob ggf.

Lösungsansätze existieren. Ergebnisse wissenschaftlicher Studien in diesem Bereich lassen sich somit nur auf eine Population übertragen, die im eigentlichen Sinne nicht der angestrebten weniger gesunden Zielgruppe entspricht.

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Es finden sich zudem Hinweise auf systematische Effekte, die bereits durch das Studiendesign hervorgerufen werden. Martinson et al. Ein Nachweis von systematischen Selbstselektionen ist dann nicht mehr möglich, was wiederum eine Überschätzung der externen Validität zur Folge haben kann. Weitere Beispiele für Compliance Effekte werden vorgestellt, die nicht nur bei Probanden sondern bei allen Beteiligten der Gesundheitsforschung nachweisbar sind.

Hier liegt das Augenmerk meist auf der Sicherung von interner Validität. Störungen durch Non Compliance werden hierbei durch spezielle Forschungsdesigns bspw. Kovarianzanalysen etc. Probleme, die eine Non Compliance für die externe Validität darstellen kann, werden meist unterschätzt Victora et al. Lösungen zur besseren Einschätzung der externen Validität finden sich in neueren Ansätzen der Evaluationsforschung oder der so genannten translational research Akers et al.

References: Akers, J. Translational research: bridging the gap between long term weight loss maintenance research and practice. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 10 , Ji, P. Congratulations, You Have Been Randomized Into the Control Group! Journal of School Health, 78 3 , Martinson, B. Population Reach and Recruitment Bias in a Maintenance RCT in Physically Active Older Adults.

Determinants of participation in worksite health promotion programmes: a systematic review. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 6 1 , Victora, C. Evidence based public health: moving beyond randomized trials. American journal of public health, 94 3 , Williams, B. When no might not quite mean no ; the importance of informed and meaningful non consent: results from a survey of individuals refusing participation in a health related research project.

BMC health services research, 7, Authors: Daniel Erlacher 1, Tadas Stumbrys 2, Masato Fujii 3, Michael Schredl 4 1 University of Bern, Switzerland, 2 Heidelberg University, Germany, 4 Fukuoka University, Japan, 3 Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany Introduction: Mental practice is the cognitive rehearsal of a motor task in the absence of overt physical movement.

Within lucid dreams LD , the dreamer is aware of the dream state and thus able to control the ongoing dream content. However, little is known about the prevalence of LD practice in sport. The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of LD in athletes, how often they use their LD state for rehearsal and whether they had experienced an improvement in daytime performance.

Methods: The sample included German m, w and Japanese m, w athletes. Their mean age was The athletes were recruited through personal contacts or through their coaches and volunteered to participate in a questionnaire study about sleep and dream habits. Participants were involved in various sports ranging from team sports e.

The athletes had been practicing their sport for an average of 9. The questionnaire included the following questions: How often they experience LD using an 8 point scale To ensure a clear understanding of LD, a definition was presented ; If they have ever used LD to practice their sport while dreaming and if this was confirmed by the athletes, then they were asked if they had an impression that their performance had improved by their practice during the LD.

For the German sample, the prevalence rate of LD in professional athletes is similar as in general population, however the rough estimate of the percentage of lucid dreams compared to all dreams in athletes was found to be nearly twice as high as in general population For the Japanese sample no representative data are available, however, the cultural differences seems to play a minor role.

The possibilities of lucid dream practice for professional sports will be discussed. References: Erlacher, D. Practicing a motor task in a lucid dream enhances subsequent performance: A pilot study. The Sport Psychologist, 24 2 , Erlacher, D. Do REM lucid dreamed and executed actions share the same neural substrate? International Journal of Dream Research, 1 1 , Erlacher, D.

Frequency of lucid dreams and lucid dream practice in German athletes. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 31 3 ,. Before sleeping, participants answered an item regarding the self perceived degree of exercise exertion. Conclusions: Against expectations and against general recommendations for sleep hygiene, at least among a sample of adolescents, high self perceived exertion during moderate to vigorous exercise before bedtime was positively associated with increased objective sleep efficiency.

Key words: exercise, perceived exertion, sleep EEG, sleep efficiency, adolescents, recommendation of sleep hygiene. Despite their widespread use, the effects of different lower limb and trunk motion on the resulting loading conditions in the joints remain unknown. The aim of this study was to compare segmental kinematics and joint moments of the spine and the lower limbs between the DL and the GM strength exercises.

Methods: The kinetics and kinematics of 13 subjects average age The study was approved by the Ethics committee of the ETH Zurich, Switzerland EK N Kinetic and kinematic data were captured using force plates and a 3D motion analysis system with 55 markers on leg, pelvis, shoulder and arms, 22 markers on the back and 2 markers attached to the barbell List et al.

Results: The maximal flexion angles of the knee were significantly different between the two exercises, with 5. Significantly smaller flexion angles were also found for the hip during GMs compared to DLs. No differences in the kinematics of the trunk between the two exercises were observed. For DLs, the resulting sagittal moment in the knee was an external flexion moment, whereas during GMs an external extension moment was present.

In order to prevent or rehabilitate from knee injuries, GMs may be the more suited exercises, with significantly smaller knee angles during exercise performance compared to DLs. Though, great care should be taken to ensure core stability of the trunk during DLs using additional weights due to higher loading of the spine. References: List, R. Kinematics of the Trunk and the Lower Extremities During Restricted and Unrestricted Squats.

Comparison of the angles and corresponding moments in the knee and hip during restricted and unrestricted squats. Functional Training for athletes at all levels. Berkley, CA, Ulysses Press. However, to date, most research focused on the effects of perception on motor control, not vice versa, which would constitute the facilitation of perception by improved motor control.

Therefore, in a series of experiments, the question is asked whether improved motor control can also help to stabilize gaze what, in turn, may be essential for maintaining other control mechanisms e. This is of particular interest in situations in which the task exhibits unpredictable components as it is the case, e. The first study of this series focusses on effects under predictable conditions in order to check whether visual performance can be altered by posture per se.

In addition, perceived exertion Borg was rated by participants after each condition. Overall, performance could be maintained at the 0 Hz level up to a frequency of 8 Hz, if bending of the knees was allowed. The same pattern, although not significant, is revealed for the Vernier test. Discussion Apparently, postures improving motor control not only turn out to help to resist disturbances but also assist in stabilizing gaze in spite of these perturbations.

Consequently, studying the interaction of these control mechanisms in complex unpredictable environments seems to be a fruitful field of future research. References: Franklin, D. Computational mechanisms of sensorimotor control. Neuron, 72,. Explaining the phenomenon, the Attentional Control Theory ACT, Eysenck et al. From a practitioner s perspective, it would be highly relevant to know whether this phenomenon can also be found in complex sport situations like in the game of football.

Consequently, in the present study, decision making of football players was examined under regular vs. Methods: 22 participants 11 experts and 11 near-experts viewed 24 complex football situations counterbalanced in two anxiety conditions from the perspective of the last defender. They had to decide as fast and accurate as possible on the next action of the player in possession options: shot on goal, dribble or pass to a designated team member for equal number of trials in near and far distance conditions based on the position of the player in possession.

Anxiety was manipulated via a competitive environment, false feedback and ego threats. Decision time and accuracy, gaze behaviour e. Besides expertise differences, it was hypothesised that, based on ACT, increased anxiety reduces performance efficiency and impairs gaze behaviour. This result confirms the ACT assumption that processing efficiency is reduced when being anxious.

This shows that experts are able to adjust their gaze behaviour to affordances of displayed playing patterns. Since especially the visual search behaviour of experts was impaired, the ACT prediction that particularly top-down processes are affected by anxiety could be confirmed. Taken together, the results show that sports performance is negatively influenced by anxiety because longer response times, higher mental effort and inefficient visual search behaviour was observed.

From a practitioner s perspective, this finding might suggest to prefer implicit perceptual cognitive training; however, this recommendation needs to be empirically verified in intervention studies. References: Eysenck, M. Anxiety and cognitive performance: Attentional control theory. Emotion, 7, Wilson, M. From processing efficiency to attentional control: A mechanistic account of the anxiety-performance relationship.

International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1,. Differenzen wurden hauptsächlich bei der Fixationsdauer und der Anzahl Fixationen beobachtet. Erfolgreichere Sportler zeichnen sich durch weniger Fixationen von längerer Dauer aus Vaeyens et al. Die Studie soll aufzeigen, in welchen Punkten sich die Blickbewegungs Strategien von Spielern mit einer hohen Trefferquote von jenen mit einer tiefen Trefferquote bei einem indirekten Torschuss nach Pass im Eishockey unterscheiden.